高二选修7_Unit_3_Under_the_sea语法讲解课件

语态 主动形式 时态 一般式 (not) doing

被动形式 (not) being done

(not) 完成式 (not) having done having been done

二: V-ing 可作主语、宾语、表语; 定语、 状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独作谓语。 V-ing 形式表示的动作与主要动词同 时发生或发生在主要动词之后，用其一 般式; V-ing 形式表示的动作在主要动词 之前发生，用其完成时，在具体应用中 也常以一般式代替完成式。

V-ing 的用法：1.作主语

★ Swimming is good for health. ★ ___________ (raise) your hat to a Raising

a lady is good manners .对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。 Being killed (kill) by sharks in ★ ____________ the sea is a common thing .

2. 作表语 ☆ Teaching is learning. 教学相长. making ☆ My hobby is __________ (make) model planes. ☆ What worried the child most was not being allowed _________ (not, allow) to visit his mother in the hospital .

注意： 动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主 语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作 主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如： Playing with fire is dangerous. (泛指玩火) To play with fire will be dangerous. (指一具体动作)

注意2). V-ing形式和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之， 当主语是 V-ing 形式时，表语也用 V-ing 形式。

To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.

3). It’s no use (good) doing sth It’s a waste of time doing sth it 作形式主语, 只用V-ing,不用不定式。

※ It is + adj. + (for sb ) to do sthIt is no use crying over spilt milk.

覆水难收。

talking It is a waste of time ___________ (talk) tohim .

to learn It is important for me _______________(learn) English .

Exercises1. _____ the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You to fail.2. _____ the same mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made C. He had making D. His making 3. I don't think it's much good _____ to him. A. writing B. to write C. write D. written 4. Such books are not worthy _____ at all. A. of being read B. being read C. reading D. to read 5.It is no use ________ without through _________. A. to read; understood B. reading; understanding C. to read; understand D. read; to understand

3.作宾语 V-ing 形式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾 语。 ★ We would appreciate hearing from you. 我们会珍惜你的来信。 being caught ★ The bird escaped ______________ (catch) . joining ★ I feel like __________ (join) the army. being abandoned ★ He was afraid of ____________ (abandon) by us.

注意： 在 avoid, admit, appreciate, consider,

delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on , instead of, look forward to,object to, keep on等后只接V-ing形式作

宾 语。

Exercises1.The thief entered the room without _____. A. noticing B. being noticed C. having noticed D. having been noticed 2. Besides _____, she is kind and tender. A. beautiful B. being beautiful C. she beautiful D. is beautiful 3. When he heard the big noise, Tom stopped _____ and _____ to the window to see what was happening. A. to read; went B. reading; to go C. reading; going D. reading; went 4.I am busy _____ for the entrance examination, so I can’t help _____ housework at home. A. preparing; doing B. preparing; to do C. to prepare; doing D. to prepare; to do

注意①在want,need,require,deserve等动词之后 作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。 Your car needs filling. 你这车要充气了。 This city deserves visiting. 这座城市值得光顾一下。 The problem requires studying carefully . 这个问题需要认真研究。 The trees want watering . 这些树需要浇水了。

②在(be)worth后面只能用动名词的主动态 来表示被动意义。 His suggestion is worth considering. The book is worth reading.

③在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后 直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代 词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如： We don’t allow smoking here. We don’t allow students to smoke.

Exercises1.Sorry, we don’t allow __________ in the lecture room. A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking 2. . They don’t permit __________ noise her. A. to make B. make C. making D. made 3. The sentence wants __________ once more. A. to explain B. explaining C. being explained D. to be explained it 4. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed __________. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch

5. Ali said that she wouldn’t mind _________ alone at home. A. left B. being left C. to be left D. leaving 6. She __________ the key. A. admitted taking B. admitted taking C. admitted having taken D. admitted to have taken 7.— Did you enjoy yourself last night? — It’s very nice of you. I appreciated _____ to the party. A. to be invited B. to have invited C. being invited D. having been invited 8. While we’re developing agriculture and industry, we must prevent the earth _____. A. from polluting B. polluted C. polluting D. being polluted