Lecture+2+The+United+States+and+WWII

美国历史-二战时期

US & WWII

1939-1945

美国历史-二战时期

I. FIGHTING WORLD WAR IIA. Prewar trends in U.S. foreign policy1. Recognition of Soviet Union 2. Good Neighbor Policy toward Latin America

C.American isolationism; reluctance to confront overseas aggression1. Causes Pro-Nazi sentiment Business ties to Japan, Germany Memory of World War I Pacifism Ethnic allegiances

B. Aggression and repression abroad1. Policy of appeasement toward Adoption by Britain, France, United States Munich conference; “peace in our time”

2. Manifestations Neutrality Acts

美国历史-二战时期

I. FIGHTING WORLD WAR IID. America’s shifting response1. Persisting popular ambivalence 2. Steps toward involvement… Arms sale to Britain Military rearmament Re-election of FDR

Lend Lease Act Interventionist mobilization effortsOrganized movements Rallies Pearl Harbor Demands for an immediate declaration of war F. Controversy over FDR’s knowledge of Japanese intentions in the Pacific G. U.S. entry into war on December 7 1941

…and intervention America as “arsenal of democracy ”

美国历史-二战时期

I. FIGHTING WORLD WAR II (WWII)In a 1940 c a r to o n , w a r clouds engulf Europe, while Uncle Sam o b s e r ve s t h a t the Atlantic Ocean no l o n ge r s e e m s to shield the U n i te d S t a te s from i n vo l ve m e n t (from textbook)

美国历史-二战时期

II. HOME FRONT

美国历史-二战时期

II. HOME FRONTA. Government mobilization of economy1. 2.

Wartime federal agencies… …impacting on

Allocation of labor Types and labels of production Wages, prices, rents fixed Public revenue: mass taxation: war bonds Employment rate

B.

Business during wartime1. New relationship with government Prominence of business leaders in federal bureaucracy Federal funding for large corporations: concentration

美国历史-二战时期

II. HOME FRONTB.Business in wartime (cont.)2.Achievements of wartime manufacturing Scale of production Scientific advances Restoration of public esteem for business

3.Geography of manufacturing boom Revival of old industrial centers Emergence of new industrial centers West South

Centrality of military -related production

美国历史-二战时期

II. HOME FRONThttp://www.77cn.com.cnanized labor in wartime1. Government-businesslabor collaboration Surge in union membership Spread of union recognition No-strike pledge Acceptance of employer “prerogatives,” “fair profit”

Terms and impact

Junior position of labor

2. 3.

Rolling back of New Deal programs Rise of labor walkouts

美国历史-二战时期

II. HOME FRONTM - 5 t a n ks o n the assembly line at a Detroit Cadillac plant, in a 1942 p h oto gr a p h . D u r i n g t h e w a r, G e n e r a l M o to r s and other a u to m a ke r s produced vehicles for the armed forces rather than cars for consumers.

美国历史-二战时期

II. HOME FRONT War-related production essentially ended the Great Depression. In this photograph from 1942, workers wait to be paid at a Mar yland shipyard.

美国历史-二战时期

II. HOME FRONT

美国历史-二战时期

II. HOME FRONTThe wo

rds of Abraham Lincoln are l i n ke d t o t h e struggle against Nazi t y r a n ny.

美国历史-二战时期

WARTIM E PROPAGANDAManaging the war and citizens’ e v e r y d ay b e h av i o r

美国历史-二战时期

RITA HAYWORTHMovie stars aided the war e f fo r t b y p r o m ot i n g t h e sale of war b o n ds a n d urging s a c r i fi c e . H e r e H ay wo r t h u r g e s A m e r ic a n s t o scrap their unessential car parts.

美国历史-二战时期

FOOD IS A WEAPONThis 1943 poster shows the Office of Wa r I n f o r m a t i o n skillfully extending its major theme: that people at home could assist the war by watching what they ate. The poster’s final directive suggests how the war made better nutrition both a personal and patriotic goal.

美国历史-二战时期

DEFENDING LIBERT Y, PLANTING VICTORY GARDENS