How to teach english by Jeremy Harmer 归纳总结

1.How to be a good teacher?

What makes a good teacher?

Make their lesson interesting.

Love his job

Has his own personality and doesn’t hide it from the students.

Lots of knowledge, not only his subject

Entertainer who can amuse students

Friendly and can help solve problems

Has an affinity with the students

Try and draw out quite ones/control more talkative ones

Can correct people without offending them

Helps rather than shouts

Know students’ name

Class management— the ability to control and inspire a class

How should teachers talk to students

Rough tune their language to the students’ levels: exaggerated tone of voice/less complex grammatical structures/less difficult words/eye contact

Physical movement – gestures/expressions/mime

How to give instructions:

They must be kept as simple as possible/be logical

Check if they understand

How to talk in class:

Balance stt and ttt(comprehensible input). Maxim STT

What are the best kinds of lesson?

Balance between predictable safety and unexpected variety

How important is it to follow a prearranged plan:

Concentrated on the teacher’s ability to respond flexibly to what happens in class, even while attempting to follow a pre-arranged plan.

How to be a good learner

The hours they spend practicing and always do homework/age/level

How important the students’ motivation

Integrative motivation>instrumental motivation

Who is responsible for learning?

Good learners take some responsibility learning themselves/encourage self-studying

Characters that good classroom learners share: the desirability to using proper learning skills

A willingness to listen/to experiment/to ask questions/to think about how to learn/accept correction

Adult learner: also can be disruptive like adolescents/nervous about learning/more world knowledge/greater tolerance for “serious learning”.

Balance serious study of English with the more entertaining activities.

Different levels:

Beginners (false beginners)(elementary)(lower intermediate) intermediate(upper intermediate) advanced

Rough tune – different language level/different questions

Different activities: pronunciation practice/simple introduction dialogue/abstract discussion

3. how to manage teaching and learning:

Teachers’ physical presence in class:

Proximity: how close

Appropriacy: crouching down/same level

movement: move around the class to some extent.

Make contact with students(esp eye contact)

How to use their voice:

Audibility clearly heard without shouting in a disagreeable way

Variety stress the need for variety

Conservation take good care of their voice

How to mark the stage of lesson:

Mark stages and changes clearly so that students know what’s going on. Good teachers know how to start the class and also know how to close it so that there was a feeling of completeness.

Sitting arrangement:

Orderly rows keep in touch with what’s going on and involve all the students

Circles and horseshoes teacher dominated

Separate tables tongshang

Student grouping:

Whole class

Group work and pair work

Solowork

Teacher also should evaluate themselves

Try out new techniques/evaluate themselves/find out whether students found them useful or enjoyable/should find variety of means to keep track of their students’ progress

4.how to describe learning and teaching

What do we know about language learning

Unconscious learning in natural circumstance

Contact with language for the purpose of communication

Elements necessary to learn language in the ‘real’ world

Exposure motivation use

Element for language learning in classroom:

Engage: to arouse the students’ interest, thus involving their emotions

Study: to focus on language or information and how it is constructed

Activate: to try out real language use to rehearse for the real world

Esa sequence

Teacher’s responsibility to vary the sequences and content of our lessons

Straight arrow sequence esa

Boomerang sequence easa

“Patchwork” sequence eaasasea etc.

Teaching models:

Grammar translation

Audio-lingualism

PPP

TBL

CLT

6. how to teach language

What does language study consist of:

Be exposed to it

Understand its meaning

Understand its form

Practice it

Why do students make mistakes

Part of the natural process of learning

Learning is a gradual development involving different stages

Appears to regress but actually they are advancing. Accuracy sometimes doesn’t mean full mastery.

How should teacher correct students

Point out

Ask classmates to help out

Not let the student fell humiliated

Students sometimes enjoy helping each other

7. How to teach reading

Strategic reading

Fluent reading

Reading teach models:

Bottom up models

Top-down models

Intensive reading approach(baohanqianliangzhe sometimes)

Interactive models

Why teach reading:

For careers, for study purposes or for pleasure

For exposed to English

To provide good models for English writing

To provide opportunities to study language

What kind of reading should students do?

Balance students’ capabilities and their interests

Topics and reading text also worth considering

Depend on who the students are

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