1-2翻译基础教程ppt

导论介绍翻译的基本性质，特点 翻译的定义，译者的基本条件 翻译教学与教学翻译；翻译之喻

Translate the following sentences: 1.Among the blind the one-eyed man is king. 盲人国里，独眼称王。/山中无老虎，猴子也称 王。/蜀中无大将，廖化充先锋。/小河无大鱼， 虾米也称王。 2.Every life has its roses and thorns. 人人都有乐与苦。 3.There’s a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of that guy. 那家伙生性既残暴又狡猾。

4. John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.约翰为人可靠，他既忠诚又正直。

5. The enemy killed one of our comrades and we killed an enemy agent.敌人杀害了我们一位同志，我们宰了一个敌特。

6. …who is a good christian, a good parent, a good child, a good wife, or a good husband;…真的是虔诚的教徒，慈爱的父母，孝 的儿女， 贤良的妻子，尽职的丈夫

What’s translation 西人曾不无幽默地说： Translations Are Like

Women—when they are faithful they are not beautiful, when they are beautiful they are not faithful.老子《道德经》亦云：美言不信，信言不美。

Definition generalized:语言与语言、语言与非语言之间的代码转换和基本信息的传达

in the strict sense:指一种语言活动， 是把一种语言表达的内容忠实地用另一种语言表达出来

What’s the significance of translation? Translating is that openeth the window, to let the light, that breaketh the shell, that we may eat the kernel. -------翻译就是把窗户打开，让光线进 入房间；翻译就是把贝壳撬开，这样我们 便可以品尝里面的肉核；

Never in the history have we been so indispensable to trade, culture, peace, and humanity…Just imagine one day in the world without translation…would all be mute,. We are like the electricity in the wires and the water in the tap.贸易、文化、和平、人道等都离不开翻译，翻译 在历史上从未如此不可缺或！请大家试想一下， 世上一日无翻译会怎样、、、、、、都将鸦雀无 声。翻译工作者就像电线中的电流，水管中的流 水。

Types of translation Manual and machinery 人工翻译、机器翻译(按性 质) oral interpretation and written translation 口译、笔译(按方式) Pramatic translation and literary translation 文学翻译、实用翻译按材料) literal translation, free or liberal translation and transliteration 直译、意译、音译(按技巧)

Domestication and foreignization 归化翻译、异化翻译(按原则方向) Communicative translation and Semantic translation 交际翻译、语义翻译 (按目的)

Overt Translation and Covert Translation 显性翻译、隐性翻译 (按效果)

Requirements for the translator Master of two languages Expert on two countries

’ culture Skillful at Encyclopedic Knowledge and professional knowledge serious , strict and responsible attitudes to work Sincere morals and ethics Standard professional criterions

About Criterions in translation(1) 信 faithfulness 达 expressiveness 雅 elegance

Procedures of translation Read and understand the source language works, make a study of the author, start to translate it into the target language Careful and exact translate the works, check it sentence by sentence, then lay it aside Read the target language works to other people and get their opinions

Read and understand the original works Express the works in the target language Revise the works in the target language

Problems in translation Words and phrases ( No context, no text)eg. 1. Put your room straight.

2. This failure was the making of him.3. He has friendly attitude toward all. 4. There is no sign of any change in the attitudes of the two sides. 5. He stood there in a threatening attitude.

Grammar eg. 6. You’d better ask him when he comes. 7. You’d better ask him when he will come. 8. All the book are not mine. 9. He will get angry over nothing.

Chinese expressioneg. 10. There were flashes of lightening and much thunder. 11. Up went the plane in the air. 12. So many people coming and going all the time. 13. Mike talks about his trip to Europe all the time and his friends are tired of it. 14. I’m pleasantly surprised. 15. Their relation is a mixture of passion and hate.

Genre eg. 1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business.