上海交通大学
硕士学位论文
多吸盘式玻璃幕墙清洗机器人本体设计
姓名:胡启宝
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:机械电子工程
指导教师:赵言正
20070201
多吸盘式玻璃幕墙清洗机器人本体设计
摘 要
目前大部分高楼玻璃幕墙的清洗由人工完成,这种清洗方式不仅效率低,而且因工作环境恶劣极易发生事故。本文所研究的玻璃幕墙清洗机器人是一种能够在垂直壁面上移动并完成清洗作业的服务机器人,该机器人可实现高楼外墙清洗的自动化,大大改善了工作环境、提高了清洗效率。
本论文首先介绍了目前爬壁机器人的研究现状,阐明了本课题的研究目的和意义。在总结和借鉴各种吸附模型及移动机构的基础上,提出了一种采用多吸盘交替吸附、自身无驱动下滑的玻璃幕墙清洗机器人方案,详细分析了该机器人各部分结构的工作原理。针对本机器人的机构特点,提出了一种能够保证机器人稳定工作的PLC控制方案。
本文根据机器人滑动式吸盘的特点,对机器人在下滑过程中各种运动状态进行了详细的分析。对清洗机器人跨越水平窗框障碍的过程进行了规划和分析,研究了机器人无驱动下滑作业方式的技术可行性,讨论了清洗机器人在无驱动下滑过程中满足吸附、清洗和下滑动作实现的条件,分析了机器人清洗过程中可能存在的问题并提出了解决措施
本文研究了负压吸附式清洗机器人吸盘的理想密封系统模型,并采用流体网络理论,将吸盘结构参数分别等效为流阻、流容,建立了多吸盘流体网络模型。在该模型基础上分析吸盘系统在不同情况下的
负压动态响应曲线,为吸盘的结构设计提供了理论依据。
本文最后对机器人的设计以及相关问题的研究进行了总结,实验结果表明该机器人对壁面泄漏具有一定适应能力,在下滑清洗过程中能始终保持平稳姿态,并能很好的完成壁面清洗工作,具备较好的壁面适应性。
关键词:清洗机器人,
控制,负压吸附,密封模型
PLC
DEDIGN OF A WALL-CLEANING ROBOT
WITH SEVERAL SUCTION CUPS
ABSTRACT
At present, most cleaning work of skyscrapers' glass wall is performed by cleaners to data. It is hard work under horrible environment with low efficiency, moreover it is dangerous. Wall-climbing robot is a kind of mobile service robot, which can climb on the surface of building and clean it. This provides city construction industry with a highly efficient wall-climbing robot for cleaning glass wall automatically and improves the work efficiency and environment greatly.
At first, this paper introduces the research state of this kind of robots and then lays out the purpose and importance of this study. The author proposes a non-actuated wall-cleaning robot prototype using several suction cups with adhering alternatively method with reference to present foreign and domestic relevant research work. This paper introduces the detail constitution of the cleaning robotic system and analysis on operation principle of each component. The key technology in control system of this robot is expounded and the PLC control system is also presented.
The technical feasibility of the scheme is discussed and the implementation conditions are obtained when adhering, sliding down and cleaning simultaneously. Some possible occurring problems and corresponding solution measures are presented according to the new mechanism. Besides, the procedure of crossing obstacles of cleaning
robot, such as horizontal window frames, are planned and then analyzed.
Moreover, this paper presents fluidic network theory to analyze the negative pressure in the suction cups and get flow resistance and flow capacitance from the equivalent of the structure parameter of suction cups. To offer academic basis for designing suction cup, the author establishes a model of dual suction cups and vacuum pumps, and studies the dynamic response curves with different conditions based on fluidic network theory.
Finally, experimental results of the wall-cleaning robot are performed. The results show that the robot can keep proper posture and do excellent work in cleaning glass wall surface of high buildings. It proves that the posture and negative pressure control algorithm works well and the robot has good adaptability to wall surface.
Keywords: wall-climbing robot, PLC control system, negative pressure
adhering, sealing model
上海交通大学
学位论文原创性声明
本人郑重声明:所呈交的学位论文,是本人在导师的指导下,独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外,本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。
学位论文作者签名:胡启宝
日期: 2007年 2 月 10 日
上海交通大学
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