定语从句
一.英语句子从结构上看有三种类型:1.简单句(Simple Sentence)
2.并列句(Compound Sentence)3.复合句 (Complex Sentence)
定语从句
(1)简单句的五大基本句型:主语+连系动词+表语
Her face turned red with anger.
主语 +及物动词+宾语
You can consider my suggestion.
主语+不及物动词+状语 This kind of cloth sells well.
主语+及物动词+间宾+直宾 He told me a secret.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补
He found the work half done.
定语从句
(2)并列句:由两个或两个以上等立而又 相互独立的 简单句构成,两个简单句由等立连词连在一起。 其结构 是: 简单句+等立连词+简单句
eg:He has studied English for only one year,but he can read and write now. Keep on and you will make progress.(3)复合句:由一个主句或几个从句构成的句子。 从句只用作句子的一个成份,不能独立。根据从句在 句中的作用,可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从 句三类。
定语从句
从句:是一个成份,由一个句子充当某个成份 定语:用于修饰名词或代词 Please show me another ticket. Australia is an English-speaking country. A traveller is a person who\that travels. A clock is a machine that tells people time.
定语从句
二.定语从句:由一个句子充当定语从句的位置:在名词或代词后 先行词: 引导词: 被定语从句修饰的词 引导定语从句的词 关系代词
引导词的作用: (1)引导定语从句
关系副词
(2)在从句中作一成份
(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置
定语从句
一、概念定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名 词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行 词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关 系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
定语从句
二、用法 1、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名 词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定 语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语 时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词 保持一致。 1)who(主格), whom(宾格), that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代 词,在从句中作主语和宾语。例如:
定语从句
( ) a) 他就是 我昨天见到的 那个人。 ①He is the man. ②I saw him yesterday. He is the man whom I saw yesterday. b) 你认识 站在那边的 那个人吗? ( ) ①Do you know the man? ②He is standing over there. Do you know the man who is standing over there?
定语从句
2)whose 用来指人或物。 例如: a) 小明,他的父亲是工程师,是我们班级 ( ) 里最好的学生。 ①Xiao Ming is the best student in our class. ②His father is an engineer. Xiao Ming whose father is an engineer is the best student in our class. 注意:定语从句应紧跟在先行词的后面 (即定语从句所修饰的词)
定语从句
3)which, that 所代替的先行词是事物 的名词或代词,在从句中可作
主语、宾语 等。 例如 : a) 这是 我们去年参观的) 工厂。 ( ①This is the factory. ②We visited it last year. This is the factory which / that we visited last year. 可以省略 说明:关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可 以省略。
定语从句
b) 这是 去年建造的) 工厂。 (①This is the factory.
②It was built last year. This is the factory which / that was built last year. 不可以省略2、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地 点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
定语从句
1)关系副词when, where, why 的含 义相当于 “介词+ which” 结构,因此常 常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如: a) 我仍然记得 我参军的) 那一天。 (①I still remember the day. ②On that day I joined the army. I still remember the day when I joined the army. 或 I still remember the day on which I joined the army.
定语从句
b) 这就是 我们去年住的 房屋。 ( )①This is the house. ②We lived in it last year. This is the house where we lived last year. 或 This is the house in which we lived last year. 或 This is the house which we lived in last year.
定语从句
c) 你知道 他迟到的 原因吗? ( )①Do you know the reason? ②He was late for that reason. Do you know the reason why he was late? 或 Do you know the reason for which he was late? 2)当先行词是指时间、地点或原因时,并 非就用when, where, why 来引导定语 从句。 例如:
定语从句
vt. ··① 这是我们去年参观的地方。 ·· ·· a) vi. ··② 这是我们去年工作的地方。 ·· ·· ①This is the place which / that we visited last year. ②This is the place where we worked last year. 我仍然记得我入团的那一天。 b) 我仍然记得我们一起度过的那一天。 ①I still remember the day when I joined the League. ②I still remember the day that / which we spent together.
定语从句
先行词为 引 导 关 词 系 副 词 关 系 代 词 who that whom which whose 人 物/人 人 物 某人/某物的 时间 地点 原因
在定语从句中作 主语 主语或宾语 宾语 宾语或主语 定语 状语 状语 状语 在从 句中 作宾 语可 省去
When Where why
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