澳大利亚历史英语版

1616s

Australia was found by Duthmen Aboriginales’world 1788s

1788s Became The colonies 1860s-1890s The establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia 1929s(ww1)

Big development

1901s The Great Depression

Indigenous Australians are the original inhabitants of the Australian continent and nearby islands.Indigenous Australians migrated from Africa to Asia around 70,000 years ago and arrived in Australia around 50,000 years ago. with people originating from 200 countries sustaining the world's 14th largest national economy.“澳大利亚土著”——KOORIS(古利人) 40,000多年前， 土著居民定居澳大利亚大陆。他们与世界上的其它地方完全隔绝，以打猎 和采集为生。十八世纪时，欧洲人来到这里，强迫土著人离开他们的领土。 现在，许多土著在白人社会里感到孤立，但他们仍努力维护他们部族的个 性。 澳大利亚土著人是澳大利亚最早的居民，他们属游牧民族，没有固定 的居住点，分散在整个澳大利亚，在欧洲人占领澳大利亚之前，共有 500 多个部落，人数达七十五万之多。

The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. Other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century, and dubbed the continent "New Holland."Macassan trepangers visited Australia's northern coasts after 1720, possibly earlier.Other European explorers followed until, in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook charted the East Coast of Australia for Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales. A First Fleet of British ships arrived at Botany Bay in January 1788 to establish a penal colony. In the century that followed, the British established other colonies on the continent, and European explorers ventured into its interior.

19th Century , in New South Wales and Victoria states found two gold. A large number from Europe, America and China prospectors who flocked. Australia population from 1850 to 400,000 people increased to 1860 of 1.1 million people. Subsequently many important gold was discovered on January 1, the same period also found a large quantity of mineral resources, and those found to Australia rapid wealth and development.

On 1 January 1901, federation of the colonies was achieved after a decade of planning, consultation and voting.The Commonwealth of Australia was established and it became a dominion of the British Empire in 1907. The Federal Capital Territory (later renamed the Australian Capital Territory) was formed in 1911 as the location for the future federal capital of Canberra. Melbourne was the temporary seat of government from 1901 to 1927 while Canberra was being constructed.The Northern Territory was transferred from the control of the South Australian government to the federal parliament in 1911.In 1914, Australia joined Britain in fighting World War I, with support from

both the outgoing Commonwealth Liberal Party and the incoming Australian Labor Party. Many Australians regard the defeat of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZACs) at Gallipoli as the birth of the nation—its first major military action. The Kokoda Track campaign is regarded by many as an analogous nation-defining event during World War II.1901年1月1日，澳大利亚各殖民区改制为州，组 成澳大利亚联邦，成为大英帝国的联邦或自治领，归类为君主立宪制国家。依其联邦法律， 其国家元首是澳大利亚君主，与英国君主为同一人。1914至1918年，澳大利亚参与主战场 在欧洲大陆的第一次世界大战，因此也是战胜国之一。1927年，首次澳大利亚联邦会议在 堪培拉临时国会大厦举行，从此澳大利亚走向政治独立。1931年，澳大利亚取得内政外交 的独立自主权，成为英联邦的独立国家。1933年，西澳公投通过脱离英国而独立，但联邦 国会予以否决。

After the war, Prime Minister Billy Hughes led a new conservative force, the Nationalist Party, formed from the old Liberal party and breakaway elements of Labor (of which he was the most prominent), after the deep and bitter split over Conscription. An estimated 12,000 Australians died as a result of the Spanish flu pandemic of 1919, almost certainly brought home by returning soldiers.

1948 ~ 1953 years have more than 50 ten thousand people move into Australia. 1949 ~ 1972 years the liberal party and country party coalition government, promote the economic development of Australia. Australia began to perform more independent foreign policy, actively participate in international affairs, support the United Nations and other institutions.