虚拟语气讲解及专项练习题

高三语法复习专用 分类 有讲解 有练习 有答案

虚拟语气

一．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中

1.表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果

如：If I were a boy, I would join the army. If she had time, she should go with you. 2.表示与过去的事实相反的假设和结果

如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. 3.表示与将来事实相反的假设和结果

如: If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.

4.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：

If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night.

If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. (从句---用过去,主句---用现在) 5. 虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式:

(1) 用介词代替条件状语从句, 常见的介词有with , without, but for(若/要不是)

有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。 如: Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) I couldn’t have done it. What would you do with a million dollars (if you had a million dollars?) (2) 假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。

如: I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.)

I would have finished the work, I was ill. (If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.) 我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。

6. If虚拟条件句的倒装

省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可 把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。

如: Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up.

Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it.

Had he taken my advice(If he had taken…), he would have succeeded.

二．虚拟语气用于名词性从句

1. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。

①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是 就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如：

I wish it were spring all the year round.

I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird.

②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词insist、 command、order、 suggest、advise、should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如:She suggested we (should)leave here at once.

The doctor ordered she (should) be operated.

2.虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。

作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如：His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.

My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.

3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。

在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：

It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day. It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.

It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.

注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：

It is pity that you can’t swim.

三． 虚拟语气在其它场合的运用

1.虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如：He did it as if he were an expert.

Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.

2. 虚拟语气用于定语从句中。

这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该 ”。如：

It’s time that I picked up my daughter. It’s high time we3. 虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。如：

If only I were a bird. If only I had taken his advice.

4. 在一些习惯表达中 如：would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型。从句的谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。

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