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2010年中考英语词法总复习:形容词/副词(近十年中考英语真题)

时间:2025-06-23   来源:未知    
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四、 形容词、副词

(一) 知识概要

形容词的用法很活跃,在英语中用处也很多,但英语中修饰可数名词和不可数名词的修饰语和词组有时不同,要特别加以注意。下面将初中学习阶段中遇到的修饰可数名词的词和词组归纳如下:many, no, several, some, a few, a lot, lots, plenty, plenty of, a lot of, a large number of, enough。而修饰不可数名词的词或词组如下:much, no, some, a lot, a great deal, lots, plenty, a lot of, plenty of。其中some, no, a lot of, plenty of既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。英语中形容词与副词有原级、比较级、最高级之分,其规则如下:

构词法 原 级 比较级 最高级 加er,或est Tall

young taller

younger

tallest

youngest

只加r或st nice

large

nicer

larger

nicest

largest

重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音 字母时双写该字母加er、est big

fat

hot

bigger

fatter

hotter

biggest

fattest

hottest

不规则变化的形容词或副词:

原 级 比较级 最高级

good better best

Well better best

bad worse worst

badly worse worst

many more most

most more most

little less lest

far farther

further

farthest

furthest

old older

elder

oldest

eldest

要注意的是许多形容词同时又是副词,如:back, all, alone, either, far, high, slow等。而有些形容词则要经过一定变化才能转为副词,其规律如下:

构词法 形容词 副 词

一般加ly Careful

kind

carefully

kindly

尾是y时将y变成i加ly Happy

busy

easy

Happily

busily

easily

其 他 true

terrible

full

possible

shy

whole

truly

terribly

fully

possibly

shyly

wholly

在学习过程中要注意其变化。

此外并不是所有副词都可以修饰比较级和最高级形容词。能修饰比较级的有:much, yet, far, still, a great deal, even 和a little. 能修饰最高级的有:the very, much the, far等。

(二) 正误辨析

[误] The young likes playing football very much.

[正] The young like playing football very much.

[析] 定冠词加形容词表示一类人,应作复数看待。而定冠词加形容词表示抽象事物时则要看作单数,如:The beautiful is not always kindness.美丽并不总代表善良。

[误] The danger has gone, so the worst are over.

[正] The danger has gone, so the worst is over.

[析] 意为:危险已经过去,最困难的状况已结束。用定冠词加最高级形容词作主语时应看作单数形式。

[误] It is the gold age of the young.

[正] It is the golden age of the young.

[析] golden在英语中多用于比喻,如:golden hair金发,gulden voice金嗓子。而gold多用于表达金质的,如:a gold bar金条,a gold coin金币,但gold fish 金鱼例外。

[误] She is a warm heart woman.

[正] She is a warmhearted woman.

[析] 英语形容词的构词法很多,其中之一是由形容词,或数词,加名词加ed构成,如:warmhoarted 热心肠的,whitehaired 白毛的

[误] There is an alive fish in the pool.

[正] There is a living fish in the pool.

[析] 在初中范围内所学到的以a字母开头的形容词一般不能作定语,只能作表语。如:The fish is alive.(鱼还活着)这样的形容词有:alive, alike, alone, asleep, afraid, awake等。

[误] The ill man nearly died.

[正] The sick man nearly died.

[析] ill一般不作定语来形容某人有病,而要用sick,但作表语时则都可以。如:He is ill sick, ill作定语时则另有他意,如:ill luck (厄运),ill nature(天性恶劣),ill temper(心绪不好)

[误] I have important something to tell you.

[正] I have something important to tell you.

[析] 不定代词something, anyone, somebody…在用形容词修饰时,形容词应放其后。但要注意thing则不是不定代词,不符合上述规律。如:I have an important thing to tell you.

[误] I'll be free on next Sunday.

[正] I'll be free next Sunday.

[析] 在表达将来时的时候:next Sunday, next week, next year或last Sunday last week, last year前都不加介词。

[误] The girl is twoyear old.

[正] The girl is two years old.

[正] She is a twoyearold girl

[析] 由连字符连接若干名词、数词……组成的形容词,在学习时要记住两点,其一是这些词中的名词都不要用复数形式,如:twothousandword report(两千字的报告);其二是这样构成的形容词只能作定语,即用于名词之前,而不能作表语。

[误] The foreigners like those little beautiful Chinese paintings.

[正] The foreigners like those beautiful little Chinese paintings.

[析] 在名词前若有几个形容词作修饰语时,其顺序如下。

1. 指示代词,定冠词 2. 数量词 3. 性质词 4. 大小 5. 形状 …… 此处隐藏:3535字,全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……

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