自考英语二的课文翻译

[00:29.60]Unit 1 Text A What Is a Decision?

[00:32.72]决策是什么?

[00:35.84]A decision is a choice

[00:40.28]made from among alternative courses of action that are available.

[00:43.66]决策即是从几种可行的行为中做出选择.

[00:47.05]The purpose of makinga decision

[00:51.10]is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives.

[00:54.82]决策的目的是为了建立和达到组织的目标.

[00:58.54]The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists,

[01:01.56]决策的原因是存在着问题,

[01:04.57]goals or objectives are wrong

[01:06.99]目标有误,

[01:09.41]or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.

[01:12.03]或有某种东西妨碍着它的实现.

[01:14.66]Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management.

[01:18.38] 因此决策的过程对于管理是必不可和的.

[01:22.10]almost everything a manager does involves decisions,

[01:25.63]几乎管理者所做的所有事情都涉及到决策.

[01:29.16]indeed,some suggest that the management process is decisions making.

[01:33.09]确实,有人认为管理过程就是决策过程.

[01:37.02]Although managers cannot predict the future,

[01:40.05]虽然管理者不能预测未来,

[01:43.08]many of their decisions require that they condider possible future events.

[01:47.05]但他们的许多决策还是要求他们考虑到未来可能发生的事情.

[01:51.02]Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be

[01:54.76]通常管理者必须对未来的情况做出最佳预测,

[01:58.49]and try to leave as little as possible to chance,

[02:01.42]从而使偶然性尽可能少地发生.

[02:04.34]but since uncrtainty is always there,risk accompanies decisions.

[02:08.27]但因为总存在着不确定性,所以风险常伴随着决策.

[02:12.21]Sometimes the consequences of a poor decision are slight;

[02:15.47]有时候不明知的决策的结果没什么大不了的,

[02:18.74]at other times they are serious.

[02:21.02]有时却非常严重.

[02:23.31] Choice is the opportunity to select among alternatives.

[02:26.69] 选择就是从可供选择的事物中进行选择的机会.

[02:30.07]If there is no choice,there is no decision to be made.

[02:33.25]如果没有选择,就不会有决策.

[02:36.42]Decision making is the process of choosing,

[02:39.69]决策是选择的过程,

[02:42.95]and many decisions have a broad range of choice.

[02:46.03]许多决策有很广的可选范围.

[02:49.12]For example,

[02:50.88]例如:

[02:52.64]a student may be able to choose among a number of different courses

[02:55.97]例如:为了完成得到大学学位的决策,

[02:59.30]in order to implement the decision to obtain a college degree.

[03:02.44]一个学生可以从许多不同的课程中选择.

[03:05.57]For managers,every decision has constraints based on policies,

[03:09.40]对管理者来说,每次决策都受到政策,

[03:13.23]procedures,laws,precedents,and the like.

[03:16.31]程序,法律,惯例等等因素的制约.

[03:19.39]These constraints exist at all levels of the organization.

[03:22.51]这些制约存在于各级组织中.

[03:25.64]Alternatives are the possible courses of action from which choices can be made.

[03:29.61] 供选择的事物是指可供从中选择的可能的行为过程.

[03:33.58]If there are no alternatives,there is no choice and,therefore,no decision.

[03:37.55]如果没有供选择的事物,就不能做出选择,因此,就没有决策.

[03:41.52]If no alternatives are seen,

[03:43.56]如果找不到可供选择的事物,

[03:45.59]often it means that a thorough job of examining the problems has not been done.

[03:49.22]通常意味着对这个问题还没有做彻底的审查.

[03:52.86]For example,managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion;

[03:56.83]例如:管理者有时用二者择一的方式来处理问题,

[04:00.80]this is their way of simplifying complex problems.

[04:03.44]这是他们简化复杂问题的方式.

[04:06.07]But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.

[04:09.65]但这种简化的倾向使得他们看不到其他可供选择的办法.

[04:13.23]At the managerial level,

[04:15.11] 在管理级别上,

[04:16.99]decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them,

[04:21.02]决策包括限定并确定可选择的事物,

[04:25.04]and the range is from highly limited to practically unlimited.

[04:28.53]其范围从极其有限到实际上无限多.

[04:32.01] Decision makers must have some way of determining

[04:34.94]决策者必须有办法决定

[04:37.86]which of several alternatives is best,

[04:40.24]在若干种可供选择的事物中哪能种是最优的,

[04:42.62]that is which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.

[04:46.64]也就是哪种最有助于完成组织目标.

[04:50.66]An organizational goal

[04:54.50]is an end or a state of affairs the organization seeks to reach.

[04:57.98]组织目标是组织所追求达到的事件的结束或状态.

[05:01.45]Because individuals(and organizations)frequently have different ideas about

[05:08.61]how to attain the goals,

[05:10.65]因为个体(和组织)关于如何达到目的常有不同的观点,

[05:12.69]the best choice may depend on who makes the decision.

[05:15.66]哪能种是最优的选择可能要看是谁做出决策.

[05:18.64]Frequently,departments or units within an organization make decisions that are …… 此处隐藏：8115字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……