错误记忆的相关研究进展(3)

现代生物医学进展ProgressinModernBiomedicine2009Vol.9No.7·1339·

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图1年龄，抑制，情节记忆与错误记忆关系的预测模型

inhibition,episodicmemory,andfalsememory

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Fig.1Amodelportrayingtheory-predictedrelationsbetweenage,

发现，在高唤起水平条件下与低唤起水平比较，被试的错误记忆的频率都更高。

主观的被试因素也是影响错误记忆的重要因素。Hekkanen[30]

的实验通过一个标准的测验把被试分成宽和严标准的两组。结果宽标准的错误记忆更多，而严标准错误记忆更少。先前知识经验同样也是影响错误记忆的一个主要因素，研究Baird[31]通过对于某一专业领域的新生和老生的错误记忆研究先前的知识经验对随后的错误记忆的影响，结果发现“专家”学生在领域相关的词语上错误记忆比新生更多。Spano的研究表明催眠使被试产生了错误记忆,没有催眠的被试很少产生对儿童时期事件的错误记忆,而催眠条件下的被试更容易产生儿童时期事件的错误记忆.

4展望

在临床上精神分裂症，老年痴呆症，脑损伤疾病等都会出现明显的错误记忆，而且在日常生活中我们也经常出现错误记忆。但由于传统记忆研究方法并不适合于错误记忆的研究，所以记忆的研究大多在讨论正确记忆，很少有人关注错误记忆。fMRI，EEG，MEG的应用，伴随着PET，人们对错误记忆有了更进一步的理解和认识，但是对于错误记忆的神经机制还是存在很多的争议，尤其是如何区分正确和错误记忆。首先错误记忆的研究范式有很多种DRM范式，如：无意识知觉范式，误导信KK研究范式，息干扰范式，想象膨胀范式，因此每种范式的研究角度都不一致。其次，研究者们采用的实验材料和实验设计方面的差异也是影响研究结果的一个主要的原因。这些既是研究中的不足之处，也是将来研究需要努力和加以注意的问题。

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