语言学复习试题及参考答案

语言学复习试题及参考答案,对期末考试有帮助

语言学 复习试题及参考答案

I. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement (20 x1)

1. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?

A. Arbitrariness B. Displacement C. Duality D. Meaningfulness

2. According to F. de Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.

A. parole B. performance C. langue D. Language

3. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying”a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones ____________.

A. identical B. same C. exactly alike D. similar

4. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called _______.

A. phonetic components B. immediate constituents

C. suprasegmental features D. semantic features

5. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) ______.

A. bound morpheme B. bound form C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme

6. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _______.

A. lexical B. morphemic C. grammatical D. semantic

7. Phrase structure rules have ____ properties.

A. recursive B. grammatical C. social D. functional

8. The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number.

A. large B. small C. finite D. infinite

9. “We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _______.

A. the conceptualist view B. contexutalism

C. the naming theory D. behaviourism

10. “Alive” and “dead” are ______________.

A. gradable antonyms B. relational opposites

C. complementary antonyms D. None of the above

11. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _________ is considered.

A. reference B. speech act C. practical usage D. context

12. __________ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.

A. A locutionary act B. An illocutionary act

C. A perlocutionary act D. A performative act

13. Language change is ______________.

A. universal, continuous and, to a large extent, regular and systematic

B. continuous, regular, systematic, but not universal

C. universal, continuous, but not regular and systematic

D. always regular and systematic, but not universal and continuous

14. In Old and Middle English, both /k/ and /n/ in the word “knight” were pronounced, but in modern English, /k/ in the sound /kn-/ clusters was not pronounced. This phenomenon is known as ________.

A. sound addition B. sound loss

语言学复习试题及参考答案,对期末考试有帮助

C. sound shift D. sound movement

15. The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its _____.

A. use of words B. use of structures

C. accent D. morphemes

16. _________ means that certain authorities, such as the government choose, a particular speech variety, standardize it and spread the use of it across regional boundaries.

A. Language interference B. Language changes

C. Language planning D. Language transfer

17. Human linguistic ability largely depends on the structure and dynamics of _________.

A. human brain B. human vocal cords

C. human memory D. human

18. The most important part of the brain is the outside surface of the brain, called _________.

A. the neurons B. nerve pathways

C. cerebral cortex D. sensory organs

19. The development of linguistic skills involves the acquisition of ____ rules rather than the mere memorization of words and sentences.

A. cultural B. grammatical

C. behavior D. pragmatic

20. According to the _______, the acquisition of a second language involves, and is dependent on, the acquisition of the culture of the target language community.

A. acculturation view B. mentalist view

C. behaviourist view D. conceptualist view

rue or False (10 x1)

21. People can utter a sentence he has never heard or used before. In this sense, human language is creative.

22. In English both aspirated and unaspirated voiceless stops occur. The voiceless aspirated stops

and the voiceless unaspirated stops

or environment.

23. Parameters are syntactic options of UG that allow general principles to operate in one way or another and contribute to significant linguistic variations between and among languages.

24. Syntactic movement occurs to all sentences, therefore, the deep structure and surface structure of every sentence look different at its two levels of representation.

25. The Anglo-Saxons were migrants from the northern parts of Europe, so the words that they originally used and the words that the English vocabulary has later taken in from other languages are regarded as loan words.

26. Paul Grice made a distinction between what he called “constatives” and“performatives”.

27. Most of the languages of Europe, Persia (Iran), and the northern part of India belong to the occur in the same phonemic context

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