the inevitability of tragedy of Romeo and Juliet

罗密欧与朱丽叶悲剧的必然性

姓名：王艳

系别：外国语学院10英教本（1）班

专业：英语（教育）

学号：100312015

指导教师：武蓉

2013年11月

The inevitability of tragedy of Romeo and Juliet

by Wang Yan, College of Foreign languages, Jinggangshan University, supervisor is Wu Rong

Acknowledgements

Key words:

Abstract (Chinese)

One of Shakespeare s early masterpieces and his first romantic tragedy, probably written in 1594. A very bad text of the play appeared in 1597, but a better version of it was published in 1599. In Verona, the Capulets and the Montagues are two families at bitter enmity. When old Capulet gives a feast, Romeo, son of old Montague, goes to it with his friends. There he sees Juliet, daughter of old Capulet, and falls in love with her. Leaping at night over Capulet s orchard wall, Romeo overhears Juliet s confession of her love for him, and the young lovers agree on a secret marriage. With the help of Friar Laurence, they are wedded. But the next day, Romeo kills Tybalt, a Capulet, in a street quarrel, and is sentenced to banishment. So he must leave Verona for Mantua. Old Capulet, in ignorance of his daughter s secret marriage, proposes to marry Juliet off to a young nobleman, Paris. To enable her to escape from this marriage, Laurence gives her a sleeping potion. Taking it, she falls into a profound sleep. Her parents consider her dead and place her in the family burial vault. Laurence sends off a messenger to tell Romeo to come and steal Juliet away. However, by an accident the messenger is not sent, and Romeo hears only of her death. He buys poison and returns to Verona. After a last kiss on Juliet s lips, he drinks the poison and dies. Then Juliet awakes. Finding her lover dead by her side, she stabs herself with Romeo s dagger. Though a tragedy, there is no tinge of pessimism in the play. It is a song of youth and true love, full of poetry and romance. It made a strong impression on Elizabethan audiences and was Shakespeare s earliest great success in tragedy. The balcony scene (2.2) and the parting scene (3.5) are two great love scenes in the world s literature.

Acknowledgements Abstract (English)

Abstract (Chinese)

Synopsis

Chapter1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction of Tragedy

1.2 Introduction of Inevitability

1.3 Introduction of Shakespeare

Chapter2 Literature Review

2.1 Studies Abroad

2.2 Studies at Home

Chapter3 Reasons of the Tragedy

3.1 Background Conflict

3.1.1 the Influence of the Reformation

3.1.2 the Influence of Humanism

3.2 Family Conflict

3.3 Family and Personal Conflict

3.4 Characteristic Conflict

Chapter4 the Inevitability of the Tragedy

4.1 Background Lead to Inevitability

4.2 Family Lead to Inevitability

4.3 Characteristic Lead to Inevitability

4.4 Author Lead to Inevitability

Conclusion

References

Chapter1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction of Tragedy

Tragedy is concerned with the harshness and apparent injustice of life. It usually recounts an important and causally related series of events in the life of a person of significance. The events would culminate trials and catastrophes of a hero, who falls down from power and whose eventual death leads to the downfall of others. [1] In other words, it is a story that presents courageous individuals who confront powerful forces within or outside themselves with a dignity that reveals the breadth and depth of the human spirit in the face of failure, defeat, and even death.

Tragedies recount an individual s downfall; they usually begin high and end low. Often the hero s fall from happiness is due to a weakness in his character, a weakness such as the excessive pride of Faustus, the overweening ambition of Macbeth, or the uncontrolled jealousy of Othello, which brings self-destruction. The tragic action arouses feelings of awe in the audience, who often leave the theatre with a renewed sense of the seriousness and significance of human life. The word catharsis is often used to describe the audience s feelings. It means the purging from the mind of the feelings of pity and fear the play has aroused.

1.2 Introduction of Inevitability

Inevitability is the quality of being unavoidable. That is to say, inevitability refers to the inevitable tendency of the development and change of the things which develops with logic low. It is determined by the nature of things. Recognizing the inevitability of things is to realize the essence of things (which relates chance ).

Inevitability is divided into congenital inevitability and acquired inevitability. Acquired inevitability is divided natural or causal inevitability and sociocultural inevitability.[2]1.3 Introduction of Shakespeare

William Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights and poets the world has ever known. With his 37 plays, 154 sonnets and 2 long poems, he has established his giant position in world literature. He has also been given the highest praises by various scholars and critics the world over. In the past four hundred years, books and essays on Shakespeare and his works have kept coming out in large quantities. Ben Jonson once wrote a poem eulogizing Shakespeare as being “not of an age, but for all time.”

William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was born into a merchant s family in Stratford-on-Avon, a small but important market town. Although the exact date of his birth is unknown, there is a record that he was christened William on April 26, 1564. It is probable that at the William was educated at Stratford Grammar School, where he picked up the “small Latin and less Greek.” In 1582, when only 18, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, a woman several years his senior. The following M …… 此处隐藏：10346字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……