广西普通野生稻的遗传多样性及分布特征

中国农业科学 2009,42(8):2633-2642 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2009.08.001

广西普通野生稻的遗传多样性及分布特征

黄 娟

1,2

，杨庆文，陈成斌，梁世春，张万霞，乔伟华，王家祥

122111

（1中国农业科学院作物科学研究所，北京 100081；2广西农业科学院水稻研究所，南宁 530007）

摘要：【目的】对广西境内普通野生稻居群遗传多样性进行研究，明确广西普通野生稻遗传多样性分布与地理特征的关系。【方法】利用36对分布于水稻12条染色体上的微卫星引物对来自广西14个区域（县级行政区域）的27个居群690份普通野生稻材料进行遗传多样性分析。【结果】所有个体平均等位基因数A=9.86，有效等位基因数Ae=5.05，总遗传多样度Ht=0.74，基因分化系数Gst=0.49，说明广西普通野生稻遗传多样性丰富，且居群内与居群间的多样性对总遗传多样性的贡献相当。通过不同区域遗传多样性检测和聚类分析，在遗传一致度为0.5处可把广西普通野生稻分为3个类群。【结论】结合广西的地形及野生稻居群的分布情况，3个类群的形成与山脉的阻隔、水系的分布以及地质结构等影响基因传播途径的特征关系密切。

关键词：普通野生稻；微卫星；遗传多样性；地理特征

Genetic Diversity and the Geographical Characteristics of

Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff) in Guangxi

HUANG Juan1,2, YANG Qing-wen1, CHEN Cheng-bin2, LIANG Shi-chun2 , ZHANG Wan-xia1,

QIAO Wei-hua1, WANG Jia-xiang1

(1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081; 2Institute of Rice Research,

Guangxi Academic of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007)

Abstract: 【Objective】 To estimate the genetic diversity of the populations of wild rice (O. rufipogon Griff) in the whole region of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and reveal their geographically distribution characteristics. 【Method】 Thirty-six SSR loci distributed on the twelve chromosomes of rice were used to study the genetic diversity of 690 wild rice individuals of 27 natural populations from 14 regions in Guangxi. 【Result】 The mean number of allele (A) was 9.86 and the effective number of allele(Ae) was 5.05. The total genetic diversity (Ht) was 0.74 and the coefficient of genetic differentiation (Gst) was 0.49, which means that the populations of O. rufipogon in Guangxi has abundant genetic diversity and the genetic variability among and between the populations has the same contribution to the total diversity. The analysis of clusters showed that all the samples could be clustered into 3 groups at the coefficient of 0.5, and each group has its own geographic characteristics. 【Conclusion】 O. rufipogon populations in the whole region of Guangxi was not only rich in genetic diversity, but also has close relationship with their geographical conditions like mountains, water systems and geology.

Key words: Orazy rufipogon; microsatellite; genetic diversity; geographical characters

0 引言

【研究意义】普通野生稻是栽培稻的祖先种，是水稻品种改良的重要遗传资源。中国是野生稻资源最丰富的国家之一[1]，特别是广西境内，野生稻资源极

为丰富，主要表现在分布面积大，类型多样[2]。广西普通野生稻天然居群的遗传多样性研究，对于了解广西普通野生稻的特点、分布状况、起源传播等都具有重要意义。【前人研究进展】根据1978—1981年全国野生稻普查考察结果，广西有8个市的42个县分布有

收稿日期：2008-11-14；接受日期：2009-01-15

基金项目：热带亚热带优势农作物品种繁育技术研究与示范 作者简介：黄 娟（1977－），女，广西融安人，硕士研究生，研究方向为作物育种及种质资源。E-mail：suzanne7702@。通信作者杨

庆文（1964－），男，湖北广水人，研究员，博士，研究方向为野生植物多样性保护与利用。Tel：010-62189165；E-mail：qwyang@