大学英语四级新题型透析及模拟冲刺试题带答案(7)

大学英语四级新题型透析及模拟冲刺试题带答案

atAmerica's best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U. K. In theUnited States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering areforeign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top researchuniversities received their graduate education abroad.

D) Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate yearsin another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in theErasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participatinginstitutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helpingplace students in summer internships ( 实习 ) abroad to prepare them for globalcareers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at leastone international study or internship opportunity--and providing the financialresources to make it possible.

E) Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involvessourcing portions of a research program to anuther country. Yah' professor andHoward Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research centerfocused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai's Fudan University, incollaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95employees and graduate stadents working in a 4 ,300-square-meter labnratory facility.Yale faculty, postdoetors and graduate students visit regularly and attendvideoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangementbenefits both countries; Xu's Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs ofconducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors andfaculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U. S. team.

F) As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the worhlin the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computerand the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the lnternet infrastructure (基础设施) andapplications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science andindustrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valleywas intentionally created by Stanfford University, and Route 128 outside Boston haslong housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world,governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully inCanbridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software andbioteehnology cmnpanies have set up shop arouod the university.

G) For all its success..the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the

research-university model. Must politicians recugnize the link between investment inscience and national economic strength, but support for research funding has beenunsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physicalsciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. Theattempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served bysteady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth,which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.