语言学试题与答案(11)

胡壮麟

autumn

lift fall elevator

Then dialectal synonyms can also be found within British, or American English itself. For example, "girl" is called "lass" or "lassie" in Scottish dialect, and "liquor" is called "whisky" in Irish dialect.

ii. Stylistic synonyms

They are synonyms which differ in style or degree of formality. Some of the

stylistic synonyms tend to be more formal, others tend to be casual, and still others are neutral in style. For example:

old man, daddy, dad, father, male parent

chap, pal, friend, companion

iii. Synonyms that differ in their emotive or evaluative meaning

They are the words that have the same meaning but express different emotions of the user. The emotions of the user indicate the attitude or bias of the user toward what he is talking about. For example, “collaborator” and “accomplice” are synonymous, sharing the meaning of "a person who helps another", but they are different in their evaluative meaning. The former means that a person who helps another in doing something good, while the latter refers to a person who helps another in a criminal act.

iv. Collocational synonyms

They are synonyms which differ in their collocation. For example, we can use

accuse, charge, rebuke to say that someone has done something wrong or even

criminal, but they are used with different prepositions accuse. . . of, charge. . . with, rebuke. . .for.

v. Semantically different synonyms

Semantically different synonyms refer to the synonyms that differ slightly in what they mean. For example, "amaze" and "astound" are very close in meaning to the